Perched majestically on a dramatic bluff overlooking the Columbia River and the quiet community of Maryhill, Washington, stands a remarkable and often surprising monument: the American Stonehenge. This full-size, meticulously crafted replica of England’s ancient Stonehenge serves as a profound and poignant memorial, conceived and brought to life by the eccentric and visionary entrepreneur, Sam Hill.
The story of the Maryhill Stonehenge is as intriguing as its commanding presence. Conceived as a solemn tribute to the soldiers of Klickitat County who bravely laid down their lives during World War I, this unique structure embodies a powerful message of peace and remembrance that resonates through the decades. It stands not merely as an architectural marvel, but as a testament to one man’s deep conviction and a community’s enduring sacrifice.
The Visionary Behind the Stones: Sam Hill’s Legacy
Sam Hill was no ordinary individual. A wealthy businessman, Quaker pacifist, road builder, and philanthropist, Hill dreamed of creating a utopian agricultural community in the remote but beautiful landscape of Maryhill, Washington. Born in North Carolina, Hill had a grand vision for the region, which he named after his daughter, Mary. His ambitious projects included a substantial mansion, now the renowned Maryhill Museum of Art, and an intricate network of modern roads – a pioneering effort in the early 20th century, cementing his reputation as a “good roads” advocate.
It was amidst these grand endeavors that the idea for the Sam Hill’s Stonehenge took root. A man deeply affected by the human cost of conflict, Hill sought a powerful symbol to express his sorrow and his fervent hope for lasting peace. His Quaker upbringing instilled in him a profound commitment to non-violence, making the carnage of World War I particularly distressing.
An Unconventional Inspiration and a Solemn Purpose
The genesis of the Maryhill Stonehenge stemmed from a curious misunderstanding. Sam Hill was reportedly misinformed that the original ancient Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England, had been used as a site for human sacrifices. This erroneous belief, rather than deterring him, fueled his resolve to build a modern counterpart. He envisioned his replica not as a place of pagan ritual, but as a stark, permanent reminder that “humanity is still being sacrificed to the god of war.”
This powerful interpretation transformed the ancient monument’s form into a modern symbol of anti-war sentiment. For Hill, the circle of stones represented the enduring cycle of conflict and the tragic loss of young lives. His monument would serve as a constant, silent vigil, urging visitors to reflect on the futility and cost of war, thereby fulfilling a deeply personal and philanthropic purpose.
Architectural Fidelity and Enduring Symbolism
Constructed from reinforced concrete, the American Stonehenge meticulously replicates the alignment and scale of its ancient predecessor. Hill employed a local architect, Frank Lloyd Wright’s former apprentice, Edward B. Foulkes, to oversee the design and construction, ensuring a faithful reproduction. The choice of concrete was both practical and symbolic; it offered durability against the elements and represented a modern material for a modern memorial, yet one rooted in ancient forms.
The monument consists of a central altar stone surrounded by sarsen stones and bluestones, all arranged in the iconic circular pattern. Its precise astronomical alignment allows it to mark the summer solstice, mirroring the celestial significance of the original. This thoughtful design emphasizes the continuity between ancient human endeavors and modern aspirations for peace.
A Timely Dedication and a Long-Awaited Completion
The dedication of the Maryhill Stonehenge was a deeply emotional event, taking place on July 4, 1918. This early dedication, predating the end of World War I, underscored the urgency of Hill’s message and his desire to honor the fallen soldiers from Klickitat County. The initial ceremony honored local servicemen who had already perished in the Great War. The poignant dedication plaque, a central feature of the memorial, reads:
“In memory of the soldiers of Klickitat County who gave their lives in defense of their country. This monument is erected in the hope that others inspired by the example of their valor and their heroism may share in that love of liberty and burn with that fire of patriotism which death can alone quench.”
Despite its early dedication, the complete construction of the Sam Hill’s Stonehenge was a much longer undertaking. Financial challenges and the scale of the project meant that the final stone was not placed until 1930. Tragically, Sam Hill passed away shortly after witnessing the completion of his monumental vision. In accordance with his wishes, he was laid to rest in a private, secluded spot at the base of the bluff beneath his beloved memorial, a place deliberately made difficult to access, symbolizing his desire for quiet contemplation even in death.
Maryhill: A Place of History and Culture
The very name “Maryhill” evokes the personal history of Sam Hill and his grand, albeit partially realized, dream. The original town of Maryhill, intended to be a thriving agricultural center, was largely consumed by fire, leaving the mansion (now the Maryhill Museum of Art) and the Stonehenge as the most prominent remnants of Hill’s ambitious plans. Today, the area has transformed into a significant cultural and historical destination, largely due to Hill’s lasting contributions.
The American Stonehenge stands as the centerpiece of this historical complex, drawing visitors from around the world. It is now proudly administered as part of the Maryhill Museum of Art, enriching the cultural offerings of the region. This institution also houses other vital memorials, honoring Klickitat County soldiers who sacrificed their lives in subsequent conflicts, including World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, thereby expanding the site’s role as a comprehensive tribute to military service.
Visiting the Monument: A Journey of Reflection
Accessible to all who travel through Klickitat County on U.S. Highway 97, the Maryhill Stonehenge offers a uniquely reflective experience. There is no admission fee to visit this powerful memorial, inviting everyone to pause, contemplate, and remember. While entry is free, visitors are encouraged to contribute to the monument’s ongoing maintenance fund, ensuring its preservation for future generations.
The awe-inspiring setting, with panoramic views of the Columbia River Gorge, complements the solemnity of the memorial. It provides a serene backdrop for contemplating the monument’s message of peace and the sacrifices it commemorates. The proximity to the Maryhill Museum of Art also allows visitors to delve deeper into the life and legacy of Sam Hill, explore a diverse art collection, and appreciate the wider historical context of the area.
Conclusion: An Enduring Beacon of Peace
The American Stonehenge in Maryhill, Washington, is far more than just a concrete replica of an ancient wonder. It is a profoundly symbolic and moving memorial, a testament to Sam Hill’s visionary spirit, and a perpetual reminder of the immense human cost of war. From its unconventional inspiration to its meticulous construction and its dedication to the fallen of World War I, this unique landmark stands as an enduring beacon of peace.
As the winds sweep across the Columbia River Gorge and the sun traces its path over the ancient-modern stones, the Maryhill Stonehenge continues to fulfill its founder’s hope: to inspire introspection, honor courage, and foster a collective commitment to liberty and lasting peace. It remains a powerful and accessible site for reflection, inviting visitors to connect with history, appreciate a unique piece of American ingenuity, and ponder the timeless quest for harmony in a world too often shadowed by conflict.
