Nestled at the southern end of Aquidneck Island, Newport, Rhode Island Historic District stands as a testament to over three centuries of American history. This remarkable seaside city boasts a National Historic Landmark District that meticulously preserves an extensive collection of colonial buildings, offering an unparalleled glimpse into the nation’s past. Designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968, the district spans approximately 250 acres in the heart of Newport, celebrated for its well-preserved 18th-century architecture and deep historical roots.
Its strategic location at the entrance to Narragansett Bay has shaped its destiny, from a beacon of religious freedom to a prosperous colonial port, and eventually, a pivotal site during the American Revolution.
The Birth of a Progressive Colony: Newport’s Founding Principles
Founded in May 1639 by a small group of settlers from Massachusetts, led by John Clarke and William Coddington, Newport’s origins were deeply rooted in the principles of religious freedom and tolerance. Unlike many other New England colonies, Newport and Providence embraced the separation of church and state, a liberal outlook explicitly written into its statutes in 1640 and the Rhode Island Colony Charter of 1663 by John Clarke. This progressive stance attracted a diverse population and fostered a climate conducive to commerce and innovation.
Early industries in Newport included farming, fishing, and shipbuilding, laying the groundwork for its future as a bustling maritime center. By 1680, Newport had grown into a thriving town of around 400 houses, characterized by an irregular network of streets along the harbor and hill. The initial settlement period saw the construction of modest, blocky wood structures with gable roofs, large chimneys, and small windows, reflecting English building traditions. Approximately ten of these 17th-century houses survive today, providing invaluable insights into early colonial architecture, despite later modifications.
From Humble Beginnings to a Thriving Seaport: Early Commercial Growth
The development of wharves commenced alongside the first residential constructions, signaling Newport’s early commercial ambitions. By 1680,
