The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail stands as a monumental tribute to one of America’s most pivotal explorations. This expansive trail commemorates the extraordinary Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803 to 1806, inviting travelers to retrace the footsteps of the legendary Corps of Discovery. Administered by the National Park Service as a vital part of the National Trails System, it spans approximately 4,900 miles, extending from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, all the way to the mouth of the Columbia River near present-day Astoria, Oregon.
This incredible route offers a unique opportunity to connect with the nation’s past, journeying through some of the most diverse and breathtaking landscapes on the continent. From the lush valleys to formidable mountains, the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail embodies the spirit of American exploration and endurance.
The Epic Journey of the Corps of Discovery
Origins of the Expedition (1803-1806)
The genesis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was rooted in President Thomas Jefferson’s vision for a nascent America, particularly following the landmark Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Jefferson sought to explore the vast, newly acquired territory, hoping to discover a viable water route to the Pacific Ocean, assert American sovereignty, and document the diverse geography, flora, fauna, and indigenous cultures of the West. To lead this ambitious undertaking, he selected his private secretary, Captain Meriwether Lewis, who in turn chose his former military commander, William Clark, to co-lead the monumental journey.
The Corps of Discovery officially embarked from Wood River, Illinois, in May 1804, after a period of preparation. Their primary objectives were multifaceted: to meticulously map the new western territories, establish diplomatic and commercial relations with Native American tribes, and conduct extensive scientific observations. This grand enterprise represented a pivotal moment in American history, setting the stage for westward expansion and shaping the nation’s identity.
The Original Expedition Route
The initial expedition traversed an arduous 3,700-mile path, pushing through a then-uncharted wilderness. Their incredible journey took them through what are now portions of Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The expedition primarily followed the winding course of the Missouri River upstream, encountering countless challenges from formidable rapids to harsh winters and unfamiliar terrain. Upon reaching the Continental Divide, they navigated the imposing Rocky Mountains, a feat made significantly easier with the invaluable guidance of Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman who served as an interpreter and guide, proving instrumental to their success.
After crossing the Rockies, the Corps followed the Clearwater, Snake, and finally the mighty Columbia River, reaching the Pacific Ocean in November 1805. Here, they established Fort Clatsop near present-day Astoria, Oregon, where they endured a wet and challenging winter before commencing their return journey in March 1806. The expedition’s return trip, with the Corps splitting into smaller groups to explore more territory before reuniting, further enriched their understanding and mapping of the American West. Their detailed journals and maps provided an unprecedented look at the continent’s interior.
Establishing the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
From Vision to Reality
The idea of preserving and commemorating the route of the Lewis and Clark Expedition began to take shape long after the Corps of Discovery completed its journey. As early as 1948, the National Park Service proposed a
