Nestled just seven miles inland from Ocean City, Berlin, Maryland, stands as a captivating testament to history and resilience. Though officially incorporated as a town in 1868, the deep roots of Berlin, Maryland stretch back much further, revealing a rich tapestry woven from colonial land grants, early education, and burgeoning commerce that shaped its unique character on the Eastern Shore.
This charming town, pronounced “Bur-len,” developed from a humble livery stable and coach stop on what was once the sprawling Burleigh Plantation. This 300-acre land grant, established in 1677, laid the foundation for the community that would eventually become Berlin. The area’s commitment to education also began early, with Reverend Charles Tennent founding Buckingham Academy, a boys’ boarding school, as far back as 1765. The very name of the town is believed to originate from “Burleigh Inn,” a prominent tavern situated at the crucial crossroads of the Philadelphia Post Road (now South Main Street) and Sinepuxent Road (known today as Tripoli Street). These historic pathways were not merely colonial routes; Main Street itself was originally an ancient path connecting the Assateague and Pocomoke Native American tribes, later evolving into a vital travel artery linking the shore to northern and western centers of commerce.
The Railroad Era and Economic Prosperity
The arrival of the railroad in the 1870s marked a significant turning point for Berlin, transforming it into a vibrant marketplace and a crucial rest stop for passengers en route to the increasingly popular tourist destination of Ocean City. This era spurred economic growth and diversified the town’s industries. Among the most successful enterprises were the Berlin Milling Company, which processed local agricultural products, Phillips Cannery, a key player in food preservation, and Harrison Nurseries, contributing to the region’s horticultural reputation. These businesses not only provided employment but also solidified Berlin’s role as an agricultural hub and a commercial center on the Eastern Shore.
A Town Forged in Fire: Preserving Architectural Heritage
Despite experiencing three devastating fires in rapid succession – in 1895, 1902, and 1904 – Berlin, Maryland, has remarkably preserved its historical essence. These trials by fire, rather than diminishing its spirit, seemingly strengthened its resolve to maintain its architectural legacy. Today, the town proudly showcases nearly two centuries of architectural heritage, with an impressive forty-seven structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Berlin Commercial District, in particular, stands as a testament to this enduring commitment, where 33% of its buildings dating from around 1900 remain in original or near-original condition. The town center predominantly features sturdy brick structures, reflecting the various architectural styles that define its past: the elegant Federal period, the ornate Victorian era, and the practical designs of the early 20th Century.
Among Berlin’s distinguished historic buildings are the stately Burley Manor and its companion, Burley Cottage, which offer a glimpse into the opulent past of the region.
