Hollow Horn Bear (Matihehlogego), a distinguished Brule Lakota leader, carved a formidable legacy through his prowess as a warrior in the tumultuous Sioux Wars and his later crucial role as a diplomat. Born in March 1850 in Sheridan County, Nebraska, Hollow Horn Bear witnessed and actively participated in some of the most pivotal conflicts defining the struggle for Native American sovereignty in the late 19th century.
Early Life and Rise as a Warrior
From a young age, Hollow Horn Bear demonstrated the courage and strategic acumen that would define his life. At just 16 years old, he joined a band led by his father in a significant engagement against Pawnee Indians, near the present site of Genoa, Nebraska. This early experience in warfare honed his skills and established his reputation within his community. Two years later, in 1868, he further distinguished himself by joining Brule warriors in attacks against United States troops in Wyoming, a period marked by escalating tensions and territorial disputes. His involvement continued with another battle near the Crow Agency in Montana, where he once again faced federal forces. The following year, demonstrating his unwavering commitment to his people’s land and way of life, he participated in a raid targeting railroad workers constructing the encroaching Union Pacific Railroad, a symbol of westward expansion that threatened traditional Native American territories.
The Battle of Little Bighorn and the Sioux Wars
Hollow Horn Bear’s warrior path culminated in his participation in numerous skirmishes of the Sioux Wars, including the infamous Battle of Little Bighorn. This iconic engagement, a decisive victory for the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho forces against the U.S. Army’s 7th Cavalry, further cemented his status as a brave and respected fighter. His actions during this period reflected the fierce determination of the Lakota to protect their lands and culture from the relentless advance of American settlement and military power. The Sioux Wars were a period of immense upheaval, and leaders like Hollow Horn Bear played critical roles in defending their people against overwhelming odds.
Transition to Leadership and Law Enforcement
As the era of open warfare began to wane, Hollow Horn Bear transitioned into a new form of leadership, embracing roles within the evolving reservation system. He became the captain of the police force at the Rosebud Agency in South Dakota, a position of considerable responsibility and influence. His tenure as police captain highlighted his commitment to justice and order within his community, even under the complex and often conflicting mandates of the U.S. government. A testament to his integrity and adherence to the law, he famously arrested his predecessor, Crow Dog, for the murder of Spotted Tail, a prominent Lakota chief. This act, while deeply challenging, underscored his dedication to his duties. Five years later, due to reasons of ill health, he resigned from this position. He was subsequently appointed as a second lieutenant under Agent Spencer, though his health continued to pose challenges, eventually compelling him to resign once more.
A Voice for His People: Diplomacy and Advocacy
Beyond his military and law enforcement roles, Hollow Horn Bear emerged as a powerful speaker and negotiator for the Sioux people. Recognizing the shift from armed resistance to diplomatic engagement, he leveraged his influence and wisdom to advocate for their rights and welfare. He embarked on multiple significant trips to Washington, D.C., representing the interests of his tribe before federal authorities. These visits were crucial, allowing him to present the grievances and aspirations of the Lakota directly to the nation’s capital. In 1889, when General George Crook was dispatched with a commission to the Rosebud Agency, Hollow Horn Bear was an integral figure in the delicate peace negotiations, working tirelessly to secure favorable terms and protect his people’s future. His efforts in Washington D.C. demonstrated his understanding of the need for political engagement in a rapidly changing world.
National Recognition and Final Years
Hollow Horn Bear’s influence extended beyond the reservation, earning him national recognition. In a remarkable demonstration of his stature, he was invited to participate in the presidential inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., in 1905. This event placed him alongside other esteemed Native American leaders, symbolizing a complex moment in American history where indigenous figures were both honored and simultaneously negotiating for their people’s rights. Years later, in 1913, he once again led a group of Native Americans to Washington, D.C., this time for President Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration parade. Tragically, it was during this visit that he contracted pneumonia, leading to his death on March 15, 1913. His passing in the nation’s capital, while representing his people, brought a poignant end to a life dedicated to service.
A Legacy Honored
A funeral service was held in Washington, D.C., an event that drew several hundred attendees and was widely reported in newspapers. The Sacred Heart Review poignantly described the scene: “Chiefs of the Blackfeet, Crow, and Sioux Indians, resplendent in feathers and colors, followed the body to the altar with heads bowed in grief. Kneeling in the front pews of the dimly-lit church, the red men paid their last homage to the dead chief. The funeral attracted a great crowd.” After the service, his body was honorably transported back west by railroad under military escort, a testament to the respect he commanded. He was finally laid to rest at the Rosebud Reservation, at the St. Francis Mission, returning to the land and people he had fought so valiantly to protect. His life story remains a powerful narrative of resilience, leadership, and the enduring spirit of the Lakota people.
Conclusion: The Enduring Legacy of Hollow Horn Bear
The life of Hollow Horn Bear stands as a powerful testament to the leadership, adaptability, and unwavering spirit of the Lakota people during a period of profound transformation. From his early days as a fierce warrior in the Sioux Wars, including his participation at Little Bighorn, to his later critical roles as a law enforcer and, most significantly, a diplomat and advocate in Washington, D.C., he consistently sought to uplift and protect his community. His journey reflects the complex transition Native American leaders faced, navigating between traditional warrior ethics and the emerging necessity of political negotiation. Hollow Horn Bear’s legacy is not just one of military courage but also of a profound commitment to justice and the persistent pursuit of peace and sovereignty for the Brule Lakota. His enduring voice, though silenced by his passing, continues to resonate through the annals of Native American history, reminding us of the strength and dignity with which he represented his people.
